The exact cause of PCOS is not known, but it is believed to be linked to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Insulin resistance, which affects the body’s ability to use insulin effectively, is also thought to play a role in the development of PCOS. Other factors such as excess insulin, low-grade inflammation, and hereditary factors may contribute to the condition.

PCOS can manifest in different ways, and symptoms can vary from person to person. Common symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles, heavy or prolonged periods, excess facial or body hair (hirsutism), acne, and weight gain. Many women with PCOS also experience difficulties with fertility due to irregular ovulation or the absence of ovulation.